Comment se déroule l’expédition d’un conteneur ?
Comment se déroule l’expédition d’un conteneur ?
Selon les statistiques, un peu plus de 600 millions de containers transitent chaque année dans le monde, soit 18 conteneurs manutentionnés toutes les secondes. Le transport de marchandises peut avoir lieu pour diverses raisons. Toutefois, la grande majorité touche le commerce de marchandise. Aujourd’hui, nous allons essayer de vous faire connaitre le processus d’acheminement d’un conteneur. Nous allons également vous faire connaitre les différents acteurs qui entrent en jeu durant le processus d’expédition et de transports de containers.
Le processus d’exportation met en relation plusieurs acteurs :
L’expéditeur
Appelé aussi « Shipper », l’expéditeur est celui qui envoie la commande. Cela pourrait être une tierce personne, une société, une usine ou un simple vendeur. Il pourra expédier des colis en son propre nom ou à titre professionnel. Il devra fournir quelques documents comme la liste précise des commandes dans le conteneur, les factures d’achats des colis, etc.
La banque
Les opérations d’exportation et d’importation sont garanties par la banque via une lettre de crédit. La banque rassure non seulement le fournisseur du règlement des marchandises expédiées mais aussi l’importateur de la disponibilité de sa marchandise via des documents commerciaux fournis par le fournisseur en question. Les document commerciaux jouent un rôle indispensable dans le processus car bien qu’ils constituent une garantie pour le fournisseur et l’acheteur, ils constituent aussi l’outil principal de l’importateur, qui ne peut réceptionner sa marchandise en l’absence de ceux-ci. Il s’agit notamment du BL (Bill of lading), la facture commerciale, la liste de colisage et le BESC (Bordereau Electronique de Suivi de Cargaison) ou CTN (Cargo Tracking Number).
Le transitaire
Appelé aussi agent de transit, le transitaire est celui avec qui vous allez traiter pendant vos actes d’expédition. Autrement, c’est l’entité intermédiaire qui va se charger de transporter le colis d’un envoyeur à un récepteur. Il va gérer la passerelle entre l’exportateur et le vendeur. En tant que transitaire, TG COM s’assure donc du bon déroulement du processus import-export.
La compagnie maritime
Elle s’occupe de transporter le colis par voie maritime. Vous ne pourrez en aucun cas être en contact direct avec votre compagnie maritime. En effet, c’est le rôle du transitaire de la contacter.
La douane
La douane désigne un ensemble de services sous le contrôle de l’État. En fait, elle est directement liée avec les services fiscaux. La commande devra être contrôlée en douane à l’entrée du port. Pour être en règle, les marchandises devront disposer des documents relatifs aux marchandises transportées.
Les étapes de l’expédition
Étape 1 : Enlèvement à l’exportation
En plus de contrôler les commandes, le bureau de dédouanement a également pour fonction de délivrer l’autorisation d’enlèvement à l’exportation. Les marchandises circulent par la suite vers le bureau de sortie. Le propriétaire des commandes devra notifier leur arrivée afin que le bureau de sortie puisse les surveiller.
Étape 2 : Chargement du conteneur à l’exportation
La seconde étape consiste à charger la commande au sein du conteneur pour l’exportation. Le processus de manutention pourra être réalisé par plusieurs plateformes pour permettre au transitaire d’optimiser l’opération de chargement du conteneur.
Étape 3 : Réalisation de la douane export
Une fois que la commande est dans le conteneur, il faudra que le service de douane export vérifie son contenu.
Étape 4 : le fret maritime
Le fret maritime devra être effectué par la compagnie maritime après avoir effectué un contrat de transport avec le transitaire. Le coût fret maritime est donc mis en place par la compagnie maritime.
Étape 5 : le dédouanement à l’importation
C’est le gouvernement du pays hôte qui revendique le dédouanement à l’importation pour l’ensemble des commandes qui entrent dans le pays. Il consiste à préparer et à présenter la déclaration et les dossiers exigés par la douane.
Étape 6 : Déchargement des marchandises
Une fois le colis arrivé à destination, il devra être déchargé. Lorsque les formalités export seront bien remplies, le transitaire prend des précautions pour la bonne réception des marchandises. Elles devront par la suite être placées dans la zone transit pour passer un contrôle.
Étape 7 : Livraison destinataire
Cette étape consiste à livrer la commande au destinataire final. Elle pourra être transportée par le transitaire lui-même ou par une société locale de transport.
Quelles sont les difficultés rencontrées par les entrepreneurs dans la logistique et quelles sont les mesures prises par TG COM ?
Le domaine de la logistique est assez large en termes de service car en effet, il existe peu d’entreprises alliant les services de transit et de transport. Cette pratique qui consiste à travailler avec plusieurs intermédiaires (une entreprise pour chaque service) constitue progressivement un problème majeur pour l’entrepreneur quant au respect du délais de livraison des marchandises expédiées. TG COM, avec beaucoup d’expérience, s’est doté de moyens matériels, humains et financiers pour associer en son sein les services de transit, de transport, de dédouanement, d’entreposage ainsi que de manutention afin d’assurer le respect des délais de livraison à l’égard de ses partenaires.
En outre, comme difficulté, apparaît l’intégrité des marchandises mal assurée. Le plus difficile dans la logistique est aussi d’assurer le bon état des marchandises durant le trajet jusqu’à la livraison. Cette difficulté réside justement du choix des engins de manutention, qui pour bon nombre d’entreprises, est mal fait par manque d’expérience. TG COM, s’enregistre justement dans une logique d’optimisation de choix d’engins sur mesure pour tout type de marchandise à expédier.
Il faudrait tout de même remarquer que la livraison peut dans certains cas peut accuser un retard plus ou moins important. Cela est notamment dû à la multiplicité des acteurs dans la chaîne logistique. Toutefois, en vous confiant à TG COM, vous pouvez vous assurer de travailler avec des partenaires fiables et de qualité.
Pour plus d’informations sur nos processus, n’hésitez pas à nous contacter via Facebook Messenger ou le chat de notre site internet à nos horaires d’ouverture. Nos agents se feront un plaisir de vous renseigner.
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